Patriarchs & Early Leaders

  1. Abraham c. 2000–1800 BCE Covenant promise; father of Israel
  2. Moses c. 1300–1200 BCE Exodus leader; lawgiver; prophet
  3. Joshua c. 1250–1200 BCE Conquest & allotment of the land

Judges & Early Prophets

  1. Deborah c. 1200 BCE Judge & prophetess (Judg 4–5)
  2. Gideon c. 1150 BCE
  3. Samson c. 1100 BCE
  4. Samuel c. 1050–1010 BCE Judge; prophet; anoints kings
  5. Nathan · Gad · Huldah c. 1000–640 BCE Court prophets & reform voices

United Monarchy — Kings of Israel

  1. Saul c. 1050–1010 BCE
  2. David 1010–970 BCE
  3. Solomon 970–930 BCE

Divided Kingdom — Israel (North)

  1. Jeroboam I 930–910 BCE
  2. Ahab 874–853 BCE Opposes Elijah/Elisha
  3. Jehu 841–814 BCE
  4. Jeroboam II 793–753 BCE Age of Amos & Hosea
  5. Hoshea 732–722 BCE Fall of Samaria to Assyria

Divided Kingdom — Judah (South)

  1. Rehoboam 930–913 BCE
  2. Asa · Jehoshaphat 911–848 BCE
  3. Hezekiah 715–686 BCE With Isaiah; faces Assyria
  4. Josiah 640–609 BCE Reforms; Huldah’s counsel
  5. Zedekiah 597–586 BCE Fall of Jerusalem to Babylon

Assyrian Rulers (background)

  1. Tiglath-Pileser III 745–727 BCE
  2. Shalmaneser V · Sargon II 727–705 BCE Fall of Samaria 722
  3. Sennacherib 705–681 BCE Siege of Jerusalem (Isa 36–37)

Babylonian Rulers (exile)

  1. Nebuchadnezzar II 605–562 BCE
  2. Nabonidus & Belshazzar 556–539 BCE

Persian Era — Return & Restoration

  1. Cyrus II (the Great) 559–530 BCE Edict to return (538)
  2. Darius I · Xerxes I · Artaxerxes I 522–424 BCE
  3. Zerubbabel & Jeshua 538–520 BCE Temple foundations
  4. Ezra 458 BCE Scribe/priest reforms
  5. Nehemiah 445–432 BCE Jerusalem’s walls

Greek & Hasmonean (Maccabean) Period

  1. Alexander the Great 336–323 BCE
  2. Seleucid/Ptolemaic rule 3rd–2nd c. BCE
  3. Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175–164 BCE Temple desecration
  4. Judas Maccabeus → Hasmonean rulers 167–63 BCE Independence & priest-kings

Roman & Herodian Leaders (NT backdrop)

  1. Augustus · Tiberius · Claudius · Nero 27 BCE–68 CE
  2. Herod the Great 37–4 BCE
  3. Herod Antipas · Philip 4 BCE–39/34 CE
  4. Herod Agrippa I · Agrippa II 41–44 · 50–93 CE
  5. Pontius Pilate 26–36 CE Prefect of Judea
  6. Felix · Festus 52–62 CE Governors during Paul’s trials

New Testament Movement Leaders

  1. John the Baptist c. 27–30 CE
  2. Jesus of Nazareth c. 27–30 CE Messiah; teacher; prophet
  3. Peter · James (Jerusalem) · John 30s–60s CE
  4. Paul c. 33–67 CE Apostle to the nations
  5. Barnabas · Silas · Apollos 40s–60s CE
  6. Philip’s four daughters · Agabus 50s–60s CE

Note: Dates are approximate and sometimes debated. This is a condensed teaching tool; your upcoming “full leaders” upload can power a detailed version later.

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