Agur son of Jakeh speaks in Proverbs 30 with humble confession and keen observation. Lemuel is a king whose mother’s teaching forms Proverbs 31:1–9; the name could be a throne name or reflect a neighboring culture.

Hezekiah’s men refers to a group of royal scribes or scholars who worked during the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah (c. 715–686 BCE).